The Second World War was fought by the Allied Powers against the Axis Powers. The Allied Powers included Britain, France, United States of America (USA), and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR). The Axis Powers included Germany, Italy, and Japan. The three Axis Powers all wanted more territory. Germany had already conquered Austria and Czechoslovakia. Italy had taken over land in East Africa and Albania. Japan controlled territory in China. After Hitler’s Czechoslovakian invasion, he did not expect any international military action against his plans to expand further.
However, on 1 September 1939, when Hitler’s German troops invade Poland, both Britain and France declared war on Germany a few days later. On 17 September, Soviet troops invaded Poland from the east. Poland was divided up between Germany and the USSR. In November, the USSR later invaded Finland. In April 1940, German troops invaded Denmark and Norway, and in May they invaded Belgium, the Netherlands, and France using Blitzkrieg tactics. In June, Italy declared war on the Allies. With Europe mostly under Nazi and Fascist control, Hitler planned to invade Great Britain, while the USA stayed in isolation.
German Blitzkrieg
The Germany Army employed a revolutionary new military tactic called Blitzkrieg, which gave Germany early success during the war. Blitzkrieg describes a warfare system that Germany first employed during 1940. It means “lightning war” because it eliminated opposing forces rapidly. It relied on surprise attacks with overwhelming tank numbers to overrun a country’s ground defenses. When the battle tanks moved forward, warplanes moved in from behind to bomb enemy defenses that the tanks missed. Later, infantry units moved in to wipe out remaining resistance. The German Army employed these tactics successfully against Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France.
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